Surveying and mapping technicians collect data and make maps of the Earth's surface. They may calculate mapmaking information and create maps from surveying notes, satellite data, or other sources to show features such as topography and boundaries.

Although very closely related to each other, mapping can be described as the more “theoretical” side of the practice while surveying is the more “practical” side. Some people also consider mapping as the overall process, with surveying the sub-process that refers to data collection.

Surveyors make precise measurements to determine property boundaries. They provide data relevant to features of the Earth's surface, such as shape and contour, for engineering, mapmaking, construction, and other purposes.

To determine the relative position of any objects or points on the earth. To determine the distance and angles between various objects. To prepare a map or plan to represent an area on a horizontal plane. To define control points and boundaries of an area, for example, a cadastral survey.